In this lesson, Paul emphasizes the cross of Christ as the foundation of unity for all humanity. Paul contrasts the previous alienation of Jews and Gentiles from God, highlighting the former’s hopeless state and lack of covenant inclusion. Through Jesus' sacrifice, however, both groups are reconciled to God and each other, forming one unified body, the church. Christ’s sacrifice removes the separation of the law, creating a new, inclusive community built on faith. The church is a spiritual temple with Jesus as the cornerstone, uniting believers as fellow citizens in God’s household.