2 Cor 2:16b – 3:6 Letters from Christ, Written by the Holy Spirit

Please remain standing for the reading of God’s Word. Our sermon text this morning is 2 Corinthians 2:16 to chapter 3:6. You can find that on page 1146 in the pew Bible. We are going to start with the second half of verse 16.

You may notice that we read the last 2 verses of chapter 2 last week. I decided to include them again because of the question asked. The question is “who is sufficient for these things?” The apostle Paul is asking, who is sufficient to be the aroma of Christ? More specifically, he’s asking about his ministry as an apostle. Who is sufficient to be an apostle and to spread the aroma of Christ?

As I read, listen for the answer.

Reading of 2 Corinthians 2:16b to 3:6

In 1948, a professor from Carnegie Mellon wrote one the most famous reference letter ever. This professor, Richard Duffin, was asked by 19-year-old John Nash Jr, to recommend him to Princeton. You see, Nash was hoping to pursue a PhD in mathematics. You may or may not recognize or remember the name John Nash Jr, but the movie Beautiful Mind highlighted his life. In fact, over his lifetime, Nash received many accolades for his work, including a Nobel Prize.

Well, on February 11, 1948, Duffin wrote a letter to Princeton in support of the young Nash. The reference simply had 5 words. “He is a mathematical genius.”

That’s quite the reference. Wouldn’t we each want something like that said of us. “She’s a brilliant lawyer. He is a renowned chef. She’s a musical virtuoso. He’s a master mechanic.”

And what about the apostle Paul? Couldn’t it be said of him, “There’s none like him.” or “His ministry skills are unparalleled.” Or “he’s the greatest of greats.” And it would be true. Even among the apostles, Paul stands out because of his tremendous ministry.

Many things could be said of him. But when it comes to the question, who is sufficient? Or who is qualified? Paul actually rejects the need for a reference letter. Rather, there’s something better. There’s something more important. To be sure, Paul is not saying that letters of recommendation are bad. No. The whole book of Philemon is a reference letter. Paul wrote it to commend Onesimus.

But when it comes to ministry qualifications… When it comes to evaluating Paul’s sufficiency as a minister, there is something far greater. The greatest testimony of Paul’s ministry is the testimony of the Holy Spirit’s work in those to whom he ministers.

That is what these verses are about. They testify to God’s work through his Spirit in Paul’s life and in the life of the Corinthians. These verses really center on God. They center on God’s work in us, as his Spirit transforms our hearts. And in doing so, they teach us the means through which God ministers.

To boil it down, Paul is making two parallel arguments. First, he is defending his ministry by testifying to the work of the Spirit. And second, while Paul is defending his ministry, he is also revealing the way that God fulfills his promises in us. He changes us through his Spirit and not his law.

By the way, I don’t know if you saw it, but I was able to get a sermon outline in the bulletin this week. You’ll see it on page 4. Those two points are the two things that Paul is emphasizing.

· #1 - His ministry credentials. I’m calling that first point Living Letters from Christ

· And #2, God’s covenant ministry with us and in us. I’m calling that point, Written by the Spirit of the Living Lord.

Those ideas are parallel, because if Paul is a true minister, then the focus of his ministry will be God’s ministry. And the results of Paul’s ministry will prove that God himself is the one at work through the Holy Spirit.

So, that is where we are headed.

And let me make one more introductory point. These truths are very important. If we think that God transforms people through his law and not his Spirit, then our ministry to others may actually lead them to death. I don’t think I’m overstating that. In verse 6, Paul said, “the letter kills (meaning the letter of the law) but the Spirit gives life.”

1. Living Letters from Christ (Paul and the apostle’s ministry credentials)

Ok, let’s begin with Paul’s credentials. #1 - Living Letters from Christ.

We’ve talked about the situation in Corinth a lot. The reason is, it helps us understand why Paul says what he says. Remember, some people were trying to undermine Paul. That has come out a couple times so far. They questioned the legitimacy of Paul’s ministry because of his suffering and because of his changing plans. These people, which Paul later calls “super apostles,” were trying to elevate themselves by critiquing Paul.

He alludes to them in chapter 2 verse 17. Look at how he puts it: “For we are not, like so many, peddlers of God's word.” Do you hear his underlying critique of them? Some people were out there treating God’s word like a business to make profit. And back in the first century this idea of peddling had very negative connotations. Peddling involved aggressively pushing a product with often deceitful tactics.

And Paul’s response is that he and the other ministers of the Gospel are not like these peddlers. No, instead, they speak with “sincerity,” he says. They speak with the truth of Christ. God is the one who “commissioned” them in their ministry. Do you see how Paul is elevating God and not himself in his defense?

If you jump down to chapter 3 verse 5, Paul makes a similar point. Their own ministry does not come from themselves. Rather, it comes from God. It’s God’s work and it’s the truth of his Word.

Really, all of this relates to the opening question. Who is sufficient for these things (for this ministry)? And the answer is, nobody. Nobody is sufficient in and of themselves. Listen for the word sufficient in verses 5 into 6. “Not that we are sufficient in ourselves to claim anything as coming from us, but our sufficiency is from God, who has made us sufficient to be ministers.” He’s saying, it’s about God and not about us, unlike the peddlers.

Now, you and I, we are not apostles, capital A. But each one of us here ministers in some way to other people. You may be a witness at work. Maybe you are a light of hope and of God’s grace in your neighborhood or your school or your family. Maybe you are teaching God’s Word or participating in another form of discipleship. In whatever ways you are ministering, your sufficiency should be in God and not yourself.

Why? Well, it is not your work, rather it is God’s work through you. You and I are merely instruments in God’s hands.

Let me ask, if someone said to you, “thank you for ministering God’s word to me. It really really help” How should you respond? Well, you should say something like, “Praise the Lord. God is at work.” In doing so, you would be affirming that it’s not you, but God who is at work.

Paul is essentially responding in that way. He says up in verses 1 and 2, we are not commending ourselves. We don’t need, as some do, letters of recommendation. Apparently, some of these “super apostles” had letters that somehow qualified them. “Here’s my letter. Corinthians, you must therefore listen to me.”

But Paul’s response is totally different. It’s like he is saying, “Do you know where to find the highest credentials for our ministry? It’s not a piece of paper written with ink. No, instead, look in the mirror. Corinthians, you are our letter of recommendation! God has changed your heart through his Spirit. We were merely agents of God’s work in Corinth. Look at the amazing thing that God has done in transforming you, a people for himself. It is not our work. No. It is God’s work through us and in you by his Spirit.”

Suppose you were applying for a job. And you wanted to work for some kind of discipleship ministry organization. Like maybe our denomination’s discipleship agency. Of course, that organization is going to ask you for letters of recommendation. Well, there’s someone in your church that you have discipled for years. In fact, let’s say, God used you in his life to share the hope and forgiveness of Christ. He responded to that by professing faith in Christ. And since then, you’ve been walking alongside of him in his journey of faith.

And so, you ask him to write a letter of reference for you. Of course, he agrees. He would be honored to do so. But instead of writing a letter, he gets in his car; he drives over to the ministry, and he meets with the director. He explains that his own life is a testimony of God’s work through you. He didn’t want to write a letter. No, instead, he wanted to be a living letter because God through his Spirit had changed his heart. And with tears, he explains how God used you to bring the message of salvation in Christ to him. And how since then, you have walked with him to further disciple him in Christ. Wouldn’t that be a powerful living letter of recommendation?

Paul is saying that the Corinthians themselves are living letters of recommendation. And the credentials are not in Paul’s work. No, the greatest credentials come through the work of God in Christ, through his Spirit, who has transformed them. Look again at what he says in verse 3. “And you show that you are a letter from Christ delivered by us, written not with ink but with the Spirit of the living God...”

You see, Paul and Titus and Timothy… and the others who were ministering to the Corinthians were the true ministers of God. And it was not because of anything that Paul or Titus or Timothy were doing in and of themselves. They were being faithful to ministry God’s Word. The true testimony of their ministry was that the Spirit of God was working in them and through them. The Corinthian’s hearts had been transformed. The Corinthians were their letters of recommendation from Christ. These living letters were not written with ink but instead, the Spirit wrote God’s truth and grace on their hearts.

So, to summarize point 1. God is the one who commissioned Paul and the others. God is therefore the one through whom they find their sufficiency. It is God’s work. And the proof is found as God ministers through his Spirit. As we minister to one another, it is not our work. Rather it is the Holy Spirit’s work. He transforms us and we then become living letters of recommendation

2. Written by the Spirit of the Living Lord (God’s new covenant promise with us)

Ok, Number 2 – main point number 2. Written by the Spirit of the Living Lord. Let me put 1 and 2 together. We are living letters written by the Spirit of the living Lord.

I’ve essentially already said that. That’s because these two points overlap. You see, the reason that Paul can stake his credentials on God’s work through his Spirit is simple. It’s how God works. In other words, if the way God works is through his Spirit and not the law, then that reality ought to be reflected in Paul’s ministry.

Before we get into the details, briefly look at verse 6. Paul states that God made them sufficient “to be ministers of a new covenant.” If they are ministers of a new covenant, then of course, their ministry will reflect that new covenant.

There are a couple things to unpack here. But the first thing I want you to notice is that Paul takes his analogy of a letter, and he extends it to speak of the law.

He had just used the example of a letter of recommendation, which would be written in ink. But then he applies the analogy to the letter of the law.

You can see that at the end of verse 3. The Holy Spirit is writing and it says this: “not on tablets of stone, but on tablets of human hearts.”

What were the tablets of stone? The law. The 10 commandments. God engraved the 10 commandments on two tablets of stone.

So, in other words, at the heart of the distinction between letters written with ink and letters written on hearts, is the difference between the law and the Spirit.

The law (meaning God’s law) does not and cannot change hearts. It can merely reveal someone’s heart. In fact, the law often does the opposite. It often hardens hearts. In his own life, before coming to faith in Christ, the apostle Paul exemplified this. You see, before God changed Paul’s heart, everything was about the law.

Paul was a pharisee. Pharisees even made laws on top of laws to help keep the law. And none of it worked. That is because, the law cannot change hearts.

I’ve used the analogy of a mirror before. But I think it’s very helpful, so I want to share it again. God’s moral law, in one sense, is like a mirror.

Kids, let’s say you were outside playing. It had just rained like last night, and so you got pretty dirty. When you came inside, your mom told you to get cleaned up. So, you went in the bathroom. You looked in the mirror. And you noticed that you were pretty dirty. What would happen if you tried to clean your face by rubbing it on the mirror? Well it’s not going to work. In fact, it’s just going to make a mess. Why? Because the mirror cannot clean you. It can only show you that you are dirty. Rather, what you need is soap and water. In a similar way, God’s law cannot cleanse you. Rather, you need the cleansing work of Christ which God applies to you through the Holy Spirit.

That is what the end of verse 6 means. Paul mentions they are ministers of a new covenant, and then says, “not of the letter, but of the Spirit. For the letter kills but the Spirit gives life.”

The letter kills. He’s talking about the letter of the law. If you are trying to justify yourself by keeping the letter of the law, you will fall short. It cannot save you.

I want to make something clear. Paul is not saying that the law is evil! He’s not saying that the law is bad and the Spirit is good. No. God’s law is good. It’s perfect. It’ right and true. It reveals the very nature of God in his holiness and goodness. It points us to Christ in the sense that is shows us our need for him just like a mirror.

And furthermore, once we know Christ and trust in him, God’s law directs us how to honor him in our lives. It’s not bad versus good. Rather, death is what happens if we are seeking to be justified by the law. The letter of the law kills, but the Spirit brings life.

I think Ezekiel’s prophecy in chapter 36 is helpful as we consider this. We read it earlier the service. God said through Ezekiel. “I will give you a new heart…. I will take your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh. And I will put my Spirit within you and cause you to walk in my statues.”

What a powerful image. Your heart and my heart are like stone. We were all spiritually dead. And the only way we can come alive is if God, through his Spirit, bring us to new life by giving us a new heart.

Do you see how this ties to Paul’s credentials? Paul’s ministry was not to tell people that if they kept the law, they would be saved. No, Paul’s ministry was quite the opposite. His ministry was to show them that they could not fulfill the law. Instead, they needed a new heart. They needed faith in the one who could keep the law for them. Faith in Christ.

In verse 6, Paul calls this ministry the ministry of the “new covenant.” Implied, of course, is that there is also an old covenant. Let me say, the rest of chapter 3 compares these two covenants. Both are connected and they both are about God’s promises to his people… and how he fulfills them. Just to give you a brief summary, central to the old covenant was the ministry of the law. The old covenant revealed sin and it pointed forward to Christ in different ways. The new covenant is the fulfillment of what was promised in the old. Jesus Christ perfectly obeyed the law and fulfilled all the promises in the old. The new covenant is the ministry of the Holy Spirit, because he applies the ministry of Christ to us by faith. There’s a lot there and we’ll work through it next week. But I wanted to at least give you an introduction since Paul mentionmed the new covenant.

Well, let’s end by going back to the opening question. Who is sufficient for these things? Paul’s sufficiency as a minister comes from God alone. It is God’s work, through his Spirit, in the lives of the Corinthians. That is why they are living letters of recommendation. And why is this important? Because if God’s purposes are fulfilled through the work of God’s Spirit, then Paul’s ministry absolutely needs to reflect God’s purposes.

In a similar way, our ministry to one another should reflect the work of God’s Spirit in Christ. We should not be hammers trying to chisel God’s moral law onto each other. Rather, we should be conduits of God’s grace. We should be ministering the grace of God in Christ to one another.

As we see sin in each other, yes, we should go to our brothers and sisters. That is part of our ministry to one another. We should direct each other to pursue God and his commands because of what Jesus has done for us. We do that knowing that God transforms our hearts through his Spirit. He is the one who applies the work of God in Christ to each of us. Because the letter kills, but Spirit gives life.

May we each be living letters of recommendation for one another… as we see the Spirit of the Living God at work in each of us. Amen